What is pulse rate?
Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arteries as blood is pumped by the heart and which can be felt at certain locations of the body, most commonly the wrist (radial) and neck (carotid).
Each pulsation represents a heartbeat, and the pulse rate is the number of heart beats per minute (bpm).
Why measure pulse rate?
A regular pulse indicates that your heart is effectively pumping blood throughout the body and our pulse rate can be reflective of our health in general such as physical fitness.
In practice, it is most useful and the easiest to determine two features of the pulse:
1. Pulse rate:
At times, when the pulse is too high (tachycardia) or too low (bradycardia), it can be a sign of an underlying abnormality such as cardiovascular (heart) or thyroid problems.
2. Pulse rhythm:
Our heart (for the most part) should beat at a regular interval. When our heart beats irregularly this usually requires further investigation as it can be a sign of a rhythm abnormality of the heart.
How do you measure pulse rate?
To obtain an accurate pulse reading:
1. Find a quiet and comfortable space:
Choose a calm environment to minimize external influences on your pulse rate.
2. Locate your pulse:
Common pulse points include the wrist (radial artery) towards the thumb side (see below) and the neck (carotid artery).
It is often easiest to use two to three fingertips (index, middle and fourth fingers) and applying light pressure at the site to feel the pulse.
3. Count the beats:
Using a timer or watch, count the number of beats you feel within a 60-second interval. Alternatively, count for 15 seconds and multiply by 4 to get your beats per minute.
4. Ensure proper technique:
Maintain a light touch when feeling for your pulse. Pressing too hard may obstruct blood flow, leading to inaccurate readings.
5. Record your findings:
Keep a log of your pulse rate, noting the time of day and any relevant activities or emotions. Regular monitoring helps identify patterns over time.
What is a normal pulse rate?
A normal resting pulse rate for adults typically falls between 60 and 100 bpm at rest. Athletes may have lower resting rates due to enhanced cardiovascular fitness.
Remember, like blood pressure, pulse rate is dynamic and will go up and down depending on several factors including:
- Age
- Body temperature
- Physical activity
- Pain
- Emotions and stress
- Medication
- Caffeine intake
Understanding these factors can provide context to your pulse readings.
Summary
Monitoring your pulse can offer insights into cardiovascular fitness and help detect irregularities. If you notice persistent irregularities in your pulse rate consult a medical professional.
